大数据对人文—经济地理学研究的促进与局限   总被引：15，自引：7，他引：8  

杨振山  龙瀛  Nicolas DOUAY 《地理科学进展》2015,34(4):410-417

大数据技术的诞生不仅快速推动着社会的进步,而且也将科学研究不断引向新的高度。以人类社会经济活动为主要研究对象的人文—经济地理学与当前大数据建设和发展趋势具有高度一致性,大数据的发展对丰富和完善人文—经济地理学势必起到积极的推动作用,同时也对人文—经济地理学的学科思维和研究方法提出了新的挑战。梳理和分析了目前大数据在人文—经济地理学主要研究领域,包括城市内部空间研究、交通与消费行为、社会空间与社会网络研究中的最近进展,以及大数据对参与式研究和决策平台的作用。着重剖析了大数据对人文—经济地理学数据获取,研究思维与范式,研究内容、研究时空尺度与研究目标等方面的促进作用与存在问题,特别是由于大数据自身发展的不完善,在数据收集特别是数据属性方面还存在很大的局限,缺乏理论基础将会使得大数据与实际应用受到很大限制,同时,数据本身也不能替代研究者思维和决策过程。因此,人文—经济地理学者应该科学对待大数据所带来的机遇,弥补和丰富以往发展中的短板,即完善学科数据建设、建立大数据应用较为完善的研究方法体系,促进跨域数据整合和跨域研究,以及推进研究对象和研究目的的转变。  相似文献   

Lessons from stakeholder dialogues on marine aquaculture in offshore wind farms: Perceived potentials,constraints and research gaps     

《Marine Policy》2015

Drawing on a case study in Germany, this contribution explores the practical application of offshore aquaculture within offshore wind farms in view of the different stakeholders involved. Using a transdisciplinary research approach, an understanding of the rationalities and interests among the different involved stakeholder groups was explored. Offshore wind energy is high on the political agenda in Germany. The vast spatial requirements however inherit potential user conflicts with competing, and under current legislation excluded users such as fishermen. Solutions for combining sustainable uses of the same ocean space have thus seen increasing interest within the research community in Germany and in Europe over the past years. This paper was inspired by and presents the outcomes of a stakeholder analysis and in particular a stakeholder workshop. Central focus was placed on academics and private as well as public stakeholders engaged in current research efforts of combining offshore wind farms and aquaculture in the German North Sea. The paper identifies the overall acceptance of such a multi-use scenario in society, opportunities and constraints as perceived by the stakeholders, and key research gaps. The results confirm the assumption that there is a clear need, and also willingness on behalf of the policy makers and the research community, to find sustainable, resource- and space-efficient solutions for combined ocean use.  相似文献   

Notions of justice held by stakeholders of the Newfoundland fishery     

《Marine Policy》2015

Justice is an important and contested issue in the governance of fish stocks threatened by overexploitation. This study identifies the notions of justice held by stakeholders of the fishery in Newfoundland, Canada, using qualitative interviews, and interprets these notions in light of established justice theories. The interviews are analysed using inductive and deductive coding. A central result is that inshore fishers are seen as the main claim holders, with a claim to participate and be listened to, and the opportunity to make a living from the fishery. Moreover, rules play an important role in the justice notions of the interview partners, and their justice notions are clearly plural. The stakeholder notions of justice in the Newfoundland fishery resonate with the emphasis on recognition, participation and distribution as important aspects of justice within the environmental justice approach [59-61] (Schlosberg 2004, 2007, 2013).  相似文献   

Co-managing public research in Australian fisheries through convergence–divergence processes     

《Marine Policy》2015

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海洋生态环境监测传感器的应用与发展     

曹煊  刘岩  曹璐 《海洋技术学报》2015,34(3):48-53

受人类活动的影响,海洋污染日益严重。我国海岸带、河口和海湾生态系统均受到了不同程度的破坏。海洋生态环境监测传感器的应用可实现实时海洋环境的监测和快速预警,对于预防海洋灾害、调节海洋经济发展与环境之间的矛盾有重要意义。文中归纳了海洋生态环境类传感器所应用的分析检测技术,总结了目前所研发的各类海洋生态环境传感器,预测了传感器的发展趋势,并对我国未来传感器的研究工作提出了建议。  相似文献   

Experimental research on horizontal bearing behavior of caisson-pile composite foundationEI北大核心CSCD     

Wang Lei  Guo Chao  Mu Bao-gang  Gong Wei-ming  Sun Zhen-wei 《岩土力学》2015,(11):3150-+

In this study, four groups of different types of bridge foundation model are tested to research the horizontal bearing behavior of caisson-pile composite foundation in lab based on the Qiongzhou Strait bridge project. The Q-s curve and horizontal ultimate bearing capacity of these four groups of foundations in sandy soil layer are obtained. Pile bending moment and shear force of pile shaft are analyzed in detail. At the same time, the load sharing ratio of caisson and piles is discussed. The results show that the horizontal ultimate bearing capacities of a single caisson foundation are increased by 1.2 times, 1.6 times and 2 times respectively with adding skirts, steel pipe pile, or steel pipe pile and the skirt. The maximum bending moment point is in the middle of the pile shaft, i.e. at about 0.5 m under the mud surface. The horizontal load is borne mainly by the upper caisson foundation and soil layers above the middle upper part of pile. The maximum shear force is found at the joint of pile top of steel pipe and caisson pile, where the reinforcement measures should be taken in practical engineering. The research achievements could provide a better reference for design or construction of caisson-pile composite foundation.  相似文献   

TanDEM-X双站SAR干涉测量及研究进展     

孙亚飞  江利明  柳林  孙永玲  汪汉胜 《国土资源遥感》2015,(1)

较全面、系统地介绍了Tan DEM-X/Terra SAR-X双站SAR科学计划,重点涉及其科学目标、Tan DEM-X卫星参数、轨道结构以及干涉数据获取模式等相关内容,并讨论了双站SAR成像、极化In SAR和数字波束成形等干涉测量新技术及其研究进展。这些双站SAR新技术的实现将大大地推动SAR干涉测量在全球地形测绘、冰川学、海洋学及地质学等领域中的应用。  相似文献   

测绘专业研究生创新能力培养模式探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

葛小三  张彦 《测绘科学》2015,40(3):151-154

重点实验室与工程科研中心是国家科技创新平台体系的重要组成部分,在科研平台的支持下,针对如何培养具有创新能力的研究生和提高研究生的科研素质的问题,该文结合矿山空间信息技术国家测绘地理信息局重点实验室在研究生创新能力培养上的做法,从多元化培养模式、开放式科研创新模式、科研考核等多个方面对测绘专业研究生创新能力培养模式进行探讨。  相似文献   

浅析智慧城市地理信息关键支撑技术     

熊伟 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(7):97-99

通过全面梳理智慧城市的概念和内涵,研究提出了智慧城市的4个重要组成部分,剖析了智慧城市的关键支撑技术。同时,智慧城市建设也离不开现代地理信息技术,必须大力发展天空地一体化的地理信息实时获取技术、海量多源地理信息数据智能化处理与管理技术、网络化的地理信息智慧服务技术,同时应解决好相应的技术难题,以更好地支撑智慧城市建设。  相似文献   

三叠纪年代地层与中国建阶          下载免费PDF全文

童金南  殷鸿福 《地球科学》2015,40(2):189-197

国际地层委员会三叠系分会(SubcommissiononTriassicStratigraphy,简称STS)成立后的第一件工作就是建立全球统 一的三叠纪年代地层划分方案.以国际地质对比规划项目IGCP-4(特提斯地区的三叠系)所取得的研究成果为基础,经过STS 专家的深入研讨,采用投票表决的方式于1991年确定了将三叠系划分为3统7阶的国际年代地层格架.随后的焦点集中于各 阶界线层型剖面和点位(GlobalStratotypeSectionandPoint,简称GSSP)的选定工作.但时至今日只确定了3个阶的GSSP,而 且只有三叠系底界,即印度阶底界的GSSP获得的研究最多,且应用广泛;另外2个阶(拉丁阶和卡尼阶)底界的GSSP仍以传 统的菊石作为首选定义标志,其推广可应用性还待实践检验.其他4个阶的界线层型选定工作正在推进中,但都存在一些困 难,其中尤以奥伦尼克阶界线层型的选定工作面临重大挑战.鉴于国际年代地层研究工作所面临的困境,全国地层委员会组织 专家于2000年提出了中国的年代地层划分和建阶方案,并在全国范围开展研究和推广应用.由于三叠纪时期中国处于从海向 陆的重要转折时期,海、陆相地层在中国都有广泛发育,因此提出了海、陆相两套中国三叠纪年代地层划分和建阶方案.经过十 多年的建阶研究和应用实践,中国三叠纪年代地层建阶方案逐步得以改进和完善,促进了中国三叠纪地层规范化研究,为相 关科学研究和实践应用奠定了基础,也推动了国际相关领域的科学研究.   相似文献